ISBNs, Copyrights & Legal Must-Knows for Indie Authors

Self-publishing gives authors complete control over their work, but it also means handling the legal and administrative aspects of publishing yourself. 

Questions about ISBNs, copyrights, and legal requirements often come up during the publishing process, and understanding them ahead of time can save you headaches down the road.

While some of these steps are optional, others—like copyright protection—are essential to safeguarding your work. This guide breaks down what indie authors need to know about ISBNs, copyright, and other legal considerations when publishing a book.

Do You Need an ISBN?

ISBNs (International Standard Book Numbers) are unique identifiers assigned to books that help bookstores, libraries, and distributors track and catalog them. While Amazon assigns a free ASIN (Amazon Standard Identification Number) to Kindle books, ISBNs are required for print books sold outside of Amazon.

You need an ISBN if you:

• Want to sell your print book in bookstores, libraries, or retail stores.
• Plan to publish with platforms like IngramSpark or Barnes & Noble Press.
• Want full control over your book’s metadata (category listings, publishing imprint).

You don’t need an ISBN if you:

• Are only publishing an ebook on Amazon Kindle (Amazon assigns a free ASIN).
• Are using a free ISBN from KDP or another distributor (though this limits distribution options).

Where to Get an ISBN

• U.S.: Bowker (myidentifiers.com) – Single ISBNs cost $125; packages of 10 cost $295.
• UK & Canada: ISBNs are free through Nielsen (UK ISBN Agency) or Library and Archives Canada.
• Other countries: Many have national agencies that provide ISBNs (check isbn-international.org).

Some authors choose free ISBNs from Amazon KDP or IngramSpark, but these list the publisher as Amazon or Ingram, rather than you. If you want full control over your publishing imprint and metadata, buying your own ISBN is best.

What About Copyright?

Copyright protection is automatically granted the moment you write and save your book. However, registering your copyright with your country’s copyright office provides legal documentation that can be useful in case of disputes.

Registering copyright gives you:

• Proof of ownership in case of plagiarism or infringement.
• The ability to take legal action if someone copies your work.
• Stronger protection internationally (especially in countries that recognize U.S. copyright law).

How to Register Copyright

• U.S.: U.S. Copyright Office (copyright.gov); costs $45–$65.
• UK & Canada: Copyright protection is automatic, but you can use timestamp services like MyFreeCopyright for extra documentation.

Copyright registration is not required to self-publish, but it’s a small investment for peace of mind, especially for nonfiction books or original research.

Do You Need a Publishing Imprint?

A publishing imprint is the name under which you publish your book. Many self-published authors use their name, but others choose to create a small publishing brand.

Reasons to create a publishing imprint:

• It looks more professional to bookstores and distributors.
• It allows you to buy ISBNs under your imprint rather than using Amazon’s.
• It makes it easier to publish multiple books under one brand.

Reasons to use your own name instead:

• You’re only publishing one book and don’t need a separate brand.
• You want to keep things simple and avoid extra paperwork.

To create an imprint, you’ll need to:

1. Choose a unique name (check for trademark conflicts first).
2. Register it as a DBA (Doing Business As) if required in your country.
3. Use it when purchasing ISBNs and setting up publishing accounts.

Do You Need a Business License for Self-Publishing?

Most self-published authors don’t need a business license, but if you’re treating your writing as a business, it may be beneficial.

When to consider a business license:

• If you plan to sell books directly through your website.
• If you’re hiring freelancers or planning multiple book releases.
• If you want to separate personal and business finances.

Many authors operate as sole proprietors without formal registration. Others create an LLC (Limited Liability Company) to separate their personal and business finances. If you’re unsure, consulting a tax professional can help.

Legal Considerations for Using Quotes, Images, and References

One area where authors unknowingly run into legal trouble is using copyrighted content without permission.

Using Quotes:

• Short quotes (under 250 words) may be considered fair use, but credit the source.
• For longer excerpts, lyrics, or poetry, always seek written permission.

Using Images:

• Only use royalty-free or licensed images (sites like Unsplash, Pexels, Shutterstock).
• Never pull images from Google without verifying usage rights.

Referencing Other Books/Brands:

• Mentioning book titles or companies is usually fine, but avoid using logos or claiming endorsements.
• If you’re writing about real people, obtain written permission if your content is potentially defamatory.

Self-published authors are legally responsible for their content, so reviewing copyright laws and ensuring permissions are in place is key.

Final Thoughts: Understanding Legal Basics Helps You Publish with Confidence

While ISBNs, copyright, and legal considerations may seem overwhelming, they’re important elements of professional publishing. Taking the time to understand these basics ensures your book is legally protected and positioned for success.

Recommended Resources & Further Reading

• U.S. Copyright Office → copyright.gov
• ISBN International Database → isbn-international.org
• Bowker ISBNs (U.S.) → myidentifiers.com
• Fair Use & Permissions Guide → copyrightalliance.org